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YATES,

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STEPHEN li. EMMEXS, GI -LONDON. ENGLAND.

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M'ANUFASTURE SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 422,514, dated March 4, 1890.

Application filed March 23, 1889.

. To all whom it may 0011 cor/r:

The object. of my invention isto produce explosive compounds of a new, type. Explosives as hitherto prepared may be classed as follows:

First. Chemical compounds or bodies in which the combustible and oxidizing molecodes are all in close chemical contact, and

are all rendered simultaneously active when detonation takes place. Nitro-glyeerine, {gun'- cotton, and pieric acid are examples of this class.

Second. Mechanical aggregz'itions or bodies ..in which the combustible and oxidizingmoleoules are in the close vicinity of each other without being in chemical contact, and in which, therefore, the act; of combustion is pro- :gressive from layer to layer of adjacent mole: cules'. Gunpowder is an example of this class.

Third. Deionatiug mixtures or bodies in which the conilntstihlo and oxidizing ingredients are mechanically aggregated, but are in themselves chemical compounds capable of detonation. The various pieric powders, many dynamites, the rolmrites,'ai id the bellitaes are oi. this class.

If, now, achemieally-com pounded detonatiug combustible ingredient be brought into chemical contact with a chemically compounded oxidizing ingredient, we shall have a fourth type of explosive bodies-that is to say, a chemical aggregation as distinguished from a chemical compound or from a more mixturenvhethersimple ordetomtt-ing. 'lhis fourth type, I have discovered, can be formed by operating under certain conditions upon certain materials.

'lho lilatcrials I employ are such hydrocarbon substitution derivatives as are capable of fusion by heat without decomposition, and as Serial No. 304,551. (No specimens are also capable when fused of dissolviugt-he nitrates of soda, potash, and ammoniapvhich are the prel'orrml oxidants. The most suita ble h vdrocarbons for the purpose, so far as I have discovered, are the triuitro-phenols, the trinitro-cresol s, and (it the working temperatures do not exceed .i i ceutigrade) the new acid patented "to meianuary it 1888, (United States Patent No. 237(i,l-!5.)

The conditions under which the new type of explosive is produced consist in the em ployment of a sntlieient degree of heatand in continuing this heat until actual liquefaction of the mixture attained.

The manner in which I carry out my new lows: I take twoopen vessels, both heated by method to the same temperature. In one of these 1 place the trinitrlnphenol or other com bustible, and in the other I place the nitrate of soda or other oxidant in a tiholy-pulverized and dried condition. W hen the combustible is entirely fused, i add thereto the heated oxidant in small quantities at @a time, and I stirthe mixture thoroughly. I then gently raise the heat until the oxidiiutbccomes fully ll(1llCilCtl, Ol so combined with the combusti' .blo as to form a semi-fluid homogeneous mass. The mixture is then removed fron the vessel and allowed to cool for use.

f liavin thus described the said improvement, I claim as my invention and desire to patent under this specification-- The process of manufacturing explosives consisting in fusing a suitable hydrocarbon substitution derivative, as trinitro-phenol, adding thereto a suitable alkaline nitrate, as nitrate of soda, continuing a suilicient degree oi heatv until actual liquefaction oi the mixture is-att-ained, and then allowing the same. to cool, substantially as hereiubei'oro specified.

S'lliilllCN ll. EMMEi S.

\l'ituesses:

Nuw'rox it. Emma's,

Halibut, 1;. limunfuo,

process of manufacturing explosives is as i'ol-' steam-jackets or by any other convenient 

